The scientific market considered such a systematic synthesis of qualitative ex-ante policy evaluations to be methodologically difficult. Most of the mechanisms put in place by the PA are not yet operational and can therefore only be evaluated ex ante. Therefore, much of the literature we review will not explicitly frame its results in terms of effectiveness. Beyond analyses of the ambitions of existing DNNs, there is little aggregated data on the effectiveness of APs. This made it difficult to systematically synthesize this research. The identification of common pilots, barriers and recommendations has therefore been the subject of some interpretations, a task made even more complex by the complexity of the PA itself and by the different epistemic communities that study it. If our results remain edifying, the lack of reliability inter-coding in this part of the analysis is a significant restriction. In addition, the effort required to iteratively develop a code book and then encode each document reduces the scalability of such a task. It requires at least one planning with considerable resources for the coding exercise from the start-up (proposal) phase of the project. Given our findings, we identify three main arguments for whether PA is effective or not. Drawing inspiration from Dimitrov et al (2019), we distinguish between institutional effectiveness and environmental effectiveness, with institutional effectiveness meaning that the mechanisms defined by the PA are robust and working effectively, and environmental effectiveness indicating whether or not the PA`s objectives will ultimately be achieved.
While the United States and Turkey are not part of the agreement, as countries have not declared their intention to leave the 1992 UNFCCC as “Annex 1” countries, they will continue to be required under the UNFCCC to prepare national communications and an annual greenhouse gas inventory. [91] Although mitigation and adaptation require increased climate finance, adjustment has generally received less support and mobilized less private sector action. [46] A 2014 OECD report indicated that in 2014, only 16% of global funds were devoted to climate change adaptation. [50] The Paris Agreement called for a balance between climate finance between adaptation and mitigation and highlighted in particular the need to increase support for adaptation to parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including least developed countries and small island developing states. . . .
