18. Serrano A, Boguna M. Topology of the Global Trade Network. Phys Rev E. (2003) 68:015101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.68.015101 Tags: Trade agreements, international trade, complex networks, network of networks, Random Walk The EORA input-output database used for this study is available online under www.worldmrio.com. As described in equation (2), the dimensions of the dependency are used to define the output TI, which describes the probability of a unit power delivered in C2 of C1 at the end. The input IT describes this probability of payment flow. In Figure 1, we see schematically the pathways that contribute to EI using an exemplary trade network between China (CHN) and Vietnam (VNM). Production TIs from China to Vietnam, TIout (CHN, VNM) take into account the routes of products originating in China and ending in Vietnam (see Figure 1A). On the other hand, it input from China to Vietnam, TIin (VNM, CHN) takes into account the trajectories of financial flows (see Figure 1B). Here, the paths are defined in the opposite direction, as cash flows flow in the opposite direction to the supply of materials, goods or services in the commercial network. The definition of IT is not symmetrical: the corresponding pathways of this exemplary network, which contribute to TIs from Vietnam to China, are shown in Figure 1C for TIout (VNM, CHN) or in Figure 1D for TIin (CHN, VNM).
Note that we do not take into account trails that cross a third country in the definition ti• China is the only G20 member to display a negative BTA impact index with respect to IT for export links with its partners. This observation would be consistent with the assumption that China has a different objective than most other countries in its trade agreement negotiations. . . .
